Catalytic conversion of lignin and its derivatives to alkanes over multifunctional catalysts: A review

Lignin exists widely in nature and is a potential substitute for traditional fossil fuels. The technology of producing alkanes from lignin and its derivatives has been extensively studied in recent decades. This review summarizes state-of-the-art strategies for the conversion of lignin to alkanes over different multifunctional catalysts. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process of lignin and lignin-derived compounds at different metal sites and the possible depolymerization pathways are detailed discussed. The roles of different active metals and their advantages for the catalysts and conversion of lignin to alkanes are also described. Finally, the major challenges and the future research trend in this field have been prospected.