Advances and opportunities of polydopamine coating in biosensing: Preparation, functionality, and applications

Mussel-inspired chemistry with material-independent properties has emerged as a facile and versatile strategy for surface modification of various scaffolds. Motivated by the tremendous progress and rapid growth of polydopamine (PDA)-based substrates in biosensing, an updated review to close the distance between the properties and preparation of PDA with its bioanalytical applications is presented here. First, the parameters and methods that affect the polymerization of dopamine are discussed, followed by the consideration of different PDA functionalities to construct bioanalysis platforms and their applications in various biosensing purposes, ending up with emerging applications of cutting-edge PDA-integrated biosensing platforms. The current challenges and future perspectives regarding how to better employ PDA in bioanalytical applications are discussed in the last section.