解聚
化学
半纤维素
纤维素
木糖
甲醛
木质素
有机化学
多糖
水解
木聚糖
木质纤维素生物量
有机溶剂
产量(工程)
碳水化合物
发酵
材料科学
冶金
作者
Ydna M. Questell‐Santiago,Raquel Zambrano-Varela,Masoud Talebi Amiri,Jeremy S. Luterbacher
出处
期刊:Nature Chemistry
[Springer Nature]
日期:2018-09-17
卷期号:10 (12): 1222-1228
被引量:66
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41557-018-0134-4
摘要
Polysaccharide depolymerization is an essential step for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass. In inexpensive systems such as pure water or dilute acid mixtures, carbohydrate monomer degradation rates exceed hemicellulose—and especially cellulose—depolymerization rates at most easily accessible temperatures, limiting sugar yields. Here, we use a reversible stabilization of xylose and glucose by acetal formation with formaldehyde to alter this kinetic paradigm, preventing sugar dehydration to furans and their subsequent degradation. During a harsh organosolv pretreatment in the presence of formaldehyde, over 90% of xylan in beech wood was recovered as diformylxylose (compared to 16% xylose recovery without formaldehyde). The subsequent depolymerization of cellulose led to carbohydrate yields over 70% and a final concentration of ~5 wt%, whereas the same conditions without formaldehyde gave a yield of 28%. This stabilization strategy pushes back the longstanding kinetic limits of polysaccharide depolymerization and enables the recovery of biomass-derived carbohydrates in high yields and concentrations. Chemically depolymerizing biomass polysaccharides to simple sugars is often controlled by the balance between depolymerization and degradation kinetics, which has limited the concentration of solutions that can be obtained and overall yields. The reversible stabilization of carbohydrates by acetal formation pushes back these limits and creates stabilized sugars that have advantageous properties for further upgrading.
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