Bioorthogonal catalysis for biomedical applications

Bioorthogonal catalysts based on metal complexes have gained substantial progress during recent years. Diversified delivery routes, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, exosomes, and removable microneedle patches, have provided efficient and biocompatible ways for in vivo transportation of bioorthogonal systems. A proximal decaging strategy via biorthogonal catalysis achieved time-resolved protein activation in living systems and enriched the toolbox for indirect protein engineering. The efficacy of bioorthogonal catalysis has been explored in the activation of antimicrobial reagents. Bioorthogonal catalysis has been applied to cell engineering by triggering the transformation of chemical groups on cell membranes, thus providing a feasible toolkit to regulate cell status. Bioorthogonal chemistry, referring to chemical reactions occurring in a physiological environment without interfering with native biochemical reactions, has witnessed substantial progress during the past few decades. To date, bioorthogonal chemistry has achieved wide applications in biomedical practices, including prodrug activation, protein transformation, and cellular engineering. Here, we review the development and recent advances of bioorthogonal chemistry, with an emphasis on the biomedical application of bioorthogonal catalysis, aiming to provide an overview of the evolution and challenges in this field. Bioorthogonal chemistry, referring to chemical reactions occurring in a physiological environment without interfering with native biochemical reactions, has witnessed substantial progress during the past few decades. To date, bioorthogonal chemistry has achieved wide applications in biomedical practices, including prodrug activation, protein transformation, and cellular engineering. Here, we review the development and recent advances of bioorthogonal chemistry, with an emphasis on the biomedical application of bioorthogonal catalysis, aiming to provide an overview of the evolution and challenges in this field. cycloaddition reaction that takes place between electron-rich dienophile and electron-deficient diene. a strategy that could covalently attach molecules to nucleophilic amino acid residues located near the ligand-binding site. a modification of the classic Staudinger reduction of azides with triphenylphosphine. metal-free cycloadditions between strained cyclooctynes and azides that give stable 1,2,3-triazoles.