Prognostic Significance of Arterial Phase CT for Prediction of Response to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to use hepatic arterial phase helical CT to assess tumor vascularity and predict the likelihood of response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Helical CT findings for 57 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were classified into one of three patterns of vascularity on the basis of the degree of tumor or liver enhancement during the hepatic arterial phase. Cases in which hypervascular lesions predominated were classified as a type 1 pattern. Cases in which hypovascular lesions predominated were classified as a type 2 pattern. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders on the basis of the changes of tumor size revealed on CT after three transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatments.We classified the 57 patients as 37 responders (65%) and 20 nonresponders (35%). A statistically significant correlation between the type 1 hypervascular pattern and response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was seen; conversely, the type 2 hypovascular pattern correlated with nonresponse to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (chi-square = 7.85, p = 0.02). Patients classified as responders lived significantly longer than those classified as nonresponders with 12-, 24-, and 36-month survival rates of 90%, 67%, and 36%, respectively, for responders and 70%, 17%, and 10%, respectively, for nonresponders.We found that patients who responded to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization had prolonged survival (p < 0.01). Response correlated closely with tumor vascularity as shown on hepatic arterial phase helical CT.