Laser Programmable Patterning of RGO/GO Janus Paper for Multiresponsive Actuators

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) with tunable physical/chemical properties is a versatile material for smart bimorph actuators. Using GO or its derivatives (e.g., reduced GO, RGO) as an active material, actuators can be manipulated under various external stimuli including moisture, light, temperature, and electricity. However, most of these GO‐based actuators respond to a solo stimulus, which limits its cutting‐edge applications in soft robotics. Here, the programmable patterning of RGO/GO Janus paper using a threshold‐controlled direct laser writing (DLW) technology is reported. By combining the RGO/GO Janus paper with a common thermally expansive polymer layer, a moisture, light, and electricity multiresponsive actuator is fabricated, in which the RGO interlayer plays multiroles including moisture‐passive layer, photothermal/electrothermal layer, thermal conductive layer, and inert layer for thermal expansion. As a proof of concept, multiresponsive actuators including a bidirectional cantilever and a smart curtain are fabricated, demonstrating the great potential for developing soft robots.