Metabolomics technology and its applications in agricultural animal and plant research.

Metabolomics is a discipline that uses Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques to identify and quantify all small molecule metabolites in living organisms and biological samples, which relies on sensitive, stable analytical procedures and improving databases. Metabolomics has been widely used in medicine, food science, crop and farm animal research, and other fields. Metabolomics can establish a more direct relationship between changes in the type and content of metabolites and phenotypes. Metabolomics has gradually become a new research method for the analysis of genetic mechanisms of complex traits following genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics with the advances in omics technology. In this review, we firstly introduce common analytical strategies, metabolomics platforms, and metabolomics databases. Then, we review the application of metabolomics in metabolic molecular identification of important economic traits in agricultural animals, disease diagnosis, meat quality and safety detection of animal products. We also introduce the latest achievements in the development, formation and analysis of important traits of animals and plants by using metabolomics, transcriptome, and genomics. Overall, the integrated analysis of metabolomics and other omics can comprehensively explain the genetic mechanism of all kinds of complex traits and help to improve the complete biological process of "mutation-gene-expression-metabolism-phenotype". Metabolomics provides a new method for the mechanism analysis of complex characters and a novel idea for new agricultural breeding.代谢组学是依赖灵敏、稳定的分析流程和数据库,利用色谱-质谱联用、核磁共振技术对生物体内以及生物样品所有的小分子代谢物进行鉴定和定量分析的学科,在医学、食品科学、畜牧学、植物学等领域得到广泛应用。代谢组学方法可将代谢物种类和含量的变化与生物表型变化建立更直接的联系,因此代谢组学逐渐成为继基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学后对复杂性状系统解析的新的研究手段。本文介绍了代谢组学常用分析策略、检测平台和常用数据库。在此基础上,综述了代谢组学在农业动物重要经济性状代谢分子鉴定、疾病诊断、肉品质及动物制品安全检测等领域取得的进展,并总结了利用代谢组学、转录组学和基因组学等多组学研究在动植物重要性状的发育、形成和解析等领域取得的最新成果。代谢组学与其他多组学方法整合分析,可以更全面地阐述各类复杂性状的遗传机制,有助于完善“突变-基因-表达-代谢-表型”的完整生物学过程,为复杂性状的机理解析提供新方法,为新型农业育种提供新思路。.