Idesia polycarpa (Salicaceae) leaf constituents and their toxic effect on Cerura vinula and Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera) larvae

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of Idesia polycarpa (Salicaceae) resulted in the structure elucidation of nine previously undescribed phenolic natural products along with six known compounds. The compounds are structurally related to salicinoids that are known defense compounds from Salix and Populus species. The I. polycarpa diet was toxic, as shown in feeding experiments with larvae of Lymantria dispar , an herbivorous broadleaf tree generalist insect, and with larvae of Cerura vinula , a specialist adapted to poplar. The survival rate and mass gain of larvae was significantly lower when they fed on I. polycarpa leaves, compared to larvae fed on Populus nigra leaves. Potential reasons for the poor performance of both herbivores on I. polycarpa leaves are discussed.