Structure and properties of porous poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel beads prepared through a physical–chemical crosslinking method

ABSTRACT Porous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel beads (PC beads) are potential microorganism carriers applied in wastewater treatment industries. However, improving the mechanical strength and stability of traditional PVA hydrogel beads in water is still a challenge. In this research, a new kind of PC bead was successfully prepared by a combination of physical and chemical crosslinking methods. The structures and properties of the PC beads and conventional PVA beads obtained by individual chemical (boric acid) or physical (cyclic freezing and thawing) processes were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile and hydraulic stability testing. Compared with the conventional products, the PC beads displayed a more homogeneous and porous structure, bigger surface area, higher hydraulic stability, and better mechanical properties and showed better applicability for the water treatment field. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46402.