An in situ self-assembled 3D zincophilic heterogeneous metal layer on a zinc metal surface for dendrite-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries

A 3D zincophilic heterogeneous metal layer was formed in situ on a zinc metal surface by a simple chemical reaction, which guides the plating/stripping of Zn 2+ ions, reduces the volume change, and inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites.