免疫系统
背景(考古学)
医学
促炎细胞因子
疾病
自身免疫
动物研究
免疫学
人口
生物信息学
炎症
生物
内科学
环境卫生
古生物学
作者
Sebastian Proschinger,Matteo Winker,Niklas Joisten,Wilhelm Bloch,Jana Palmowski,Philipp Zimmer
出处
期刊:Exercise Immunology Review
日期:2021-01-01
卷期号:27: 142-166
被引量:5
摘要
Many of the exercise-related health-promoting effects are attributed to beneficial immunomodulation. The restoration of immune homeostasis is context-dependent, meaning either to increase anti-inflammatory signaling to counteract disease progression of non-communicable (auto)inflammatory diseases or to enhance (local) activity of proinflammatory immune cells to slow down or inhibit cancer progression. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) represent the main regulatory component of the adaptive immune system that fine-tunes inflammatory responses, keeps them in check and prevents long-lasting autoimmunity. Because often dysregulated in the context of various diseases, emerging treatment approaches aim to modulate their number or inherent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function in a highly disease-specific way. Exercise represents a non-pharmacologic strategy in disease prevention and rehabilitation and may be an effective treatment with few to no side effects to counteract dysregulation of Tregs. To date, several studies have evaluated the effect of exercise on Treg-related outcomes. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview on alterations of blood- or tissue-derived Treg counts, proportion and functionality following acute and chronic exercise in humans and animal models. From the 60 reviewed studies, an overall disease-specific beneficial effect of chronic exercise on Treg levels in animal models can be stated, while both acute and chronic effects in human studies are less definite. However, Treg phenotyping is less sufficient in the animal studies compared to human studies. Only a limited number of studies investigated Treg functionality. There is a large heterogeneity concerning study design, human population or animal model, exercise protocol, and Treg outcome measure specification which makes it difficult to compare results and draw clear conclusions. Study results are discussed in the context of current concepts in exercise immunology. Finally, future perspectives and methodological recommendations are provided to promote research in this field.
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