钙
血管平滑肌
内分泌学
内科学
钙信号传导
平滑肌
化学
生物
细胞生物学
医学
作者
Daniel Asunción-Álvarez,Javier Palacios,Roberto O. Ybañez-Julca,Cristhian N. Rodríguez-Silva,Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha,Fredi Cifuentes,David J. Greensmith
出处
期刊:American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology
[American Physiological Society]
日期:2024-02-09
标识
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00600.2023
摘要
Calcium signaling in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is essential for the regulation of vascular tone. However, the changes to intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations are often influenced by sex differences. Furthermore, a large body of evidence shows that sex hormone imbalance leads to dysregulation of Ca 2+ signaling and this is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the effects of estrogens and androgens on vascular calcium-handling proteins are discussed, with emphasis on the associated genomic or non-genomic molecular mechanisms. The experimental models from which data were collected were also considered. The review highlights: 1) in female ECs, TRPV4 and MCU enhances Ca 2+ -dependent NO generation. In males, only TRPC3 plays a fundamental role in this effect. 2) Female VSMCs have lower cytosolic Ca 2+ levels than males due to differences in the activity and expression of STIM1, Orai1, Ca V 1.2, NKCC1, and the Na + /K + -ATPase. 3) When compared with androgens, the influence of estrogens on Ca 2+ homeostasis, vascular tone and incidence of vascular disease is better documented. 4) Many studies use supraphysiological concentrations of sex hormones, which may limit the physiological relevance of outcomes. 5) Sex-dependent differences in Ca 2+ signaling mean both sexes ought to be included in experimental design.
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