The relationship between self-efficacy and self-management: a moderated mediation model of self-control and emotion regulation among stroke survivors

PURPOSE: To explore the impact of self-efficacy on self-management with the parallel mediating effects of impulsivity and good control, as well as the moderating effect of emotion regulation. METHODS: Convenience sampling method was used in this study. From March to July 2024, stroke patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Henan Province, China. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic data, self-control, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, and self-management. Descriptive statistics and Process Macro Models 4 and 14 in the SPSS program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 519 stroke survivors reported self-management with a moderate standardization score. Impulsivity and good control co-mediating the association of self-efficacy and self-management. After adding the cognitive reappraisal as the moderator, the moderated mediation model of impulsivity was confirmed with adequate fit indices. However, cognitive reappraisal did not play a moderating role in good control and self-management. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy can promote self-management in stroke survivors by reducing impulsivity and enhancing self-control. Notably, cognitive reappraisal may suppress impulsive thoughts in stroke survivors and promote self-management.