Therapeutic potential of microneedles based delivery systems for the management of atopic dermatitis

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a diverse skin condition with a range of shapes, localization, and progression of the disease. Even though its pathophysiology is multifaceted and not entirely comprehended, it appears to be the consequence of a mix of environmental and genetic variables that cause skin barrier disruption, dermal and systemic immunological imbalance, a significant hereditary influence, and skin microbiome dysbiosis. AD is now a major global health concern owing to its rising incidence over the past few decades. For topical distribution of numerous medications, nano-based formulations have been widely investigated during the past decade. Nanoparticles have been used for transdermal applications but their distribution over stratum corneum(SC), the primary skin barrier, is still difficult. Recent advancements in microneedle array (MN) technology, particularly the use of nanoparticles (NPs) that transport both lipophilic and hydrophilic medicinal drugs, have shown promise in the administration of a variety of formulations. Microneedles (MNs) are the devices that physically penetrate the stratum corneum to effectively traverse the epidermal barrier producing minor invasion and improving patient medication adherence. These are the microscale methods to significantly widen range of medications available for transdermal administration. The current work focuses on the developments associated with the use of microneedles and nanoparticles for efficient penetration of numerous drugs. The review also focuses on the significance of microneedles in treating atopic dermatitis, and various microneedles under preclinical and clinical studies have been summarised along with regulatory challenges and toxicity issues.