Tissue-Engineered Pennate Muscles On A Chip

In this paper, we report the device to culture skeletal muscle tissues modeling pennate muscles. The muscle tissues fabricated on the device have a different directed contractile force from their muscle fibers, by using two kinds of anchors to regulate both directions. Furthermore, we achieved to culture three pairs of the skeletal muscle tissues, pennate-like structured muscle tissue, on the device. Considering that it is possible to culture more pairs of tissues using the device, our proposed method will be useful to form large muscle tissues modeling pennate muscles.