Investigation of morphological, structural and electronic transformation of PVDF and ZnO/rGO/PVDF hybrid membranes

Abstract Synergistic doping of 2-D Material ZnO nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF/ZnO, and PVDF/ZnO/rGO Hybrid membranes simply by solution casting technique for raising electronically favored β-phase ratio. Rietveld refinement X-ray diffraction technique, FTIR, Microscopic investigation, SEM, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to unravel the atomistic origin of negative piezoelectricity, and increasing reasons for total dipole moment, electrostatic potential and bandgap energy of PVDF hybrid membranes, which arises from the sizeable displacive instability of two-dimensional material coupled with its reduced lattice dimensionality.