The elastase and melanogenesis inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities of phosvitin phosphopeptides produced using high-temperature and mild-pressure (HTMP) pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis combinations

This study aimed to determine the skin protective effect of egg yolk phosvitin phosphopeptides (PPPs). Phosvitin was separated from the egg yolk, and PPPs were produced using high-temperature and mild-pressure (HTMP) pretreatment and enzyme-sterilization hydrolysis combinations. The elastase and melanogenesis inhibitory activities and anti-inflammatory effects of egg yolk PPPs were determined. All PPPs significantly inhibited elastase activity, but the PPPs prepared with HTMP pretreatment and trypsin-sterilization (HTMP-T-S) combination suppressed the tyrosinase activity the most. PPPs (3 mg/mL) inhibited the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells by 31.18 to 38.58%. In addition, PPPs effectively inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in the LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the PPPs from HTMP-T-S exhibited the highest inhibitory activity. The protein expressions of pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 were down-regulated by the PPPs from the HTMP-T-S. Therefore, PPPs could be used as an anti-melanogenic, anti-elastase, and anti-inflammatory agent for humans and skin care products.