Compact Physics Hot-Carrier Degradation Model Valid over a Wide Bias Range

We develop a compact physics model for hot-carrier degradation (HCD) that is valid over a wide range of gate and drain voltages (Vgs and Vds, respectively). Special attention is paid to the contribution of secondary carriers (generated by impact ionization) to HCD, which was shown to be significant under stress conditions with low Vgs and relatively high Vds. Implementation of this contribution is based on refined modeling of carrier transport for both primary and secondary carriers. To validate the model, we employ foundry-quality n-channel transistors and a broad range of stress voltages {Vgs,Vds}.