Interprofessional Strategies for Optimizing Perioperative Glycemic Control: Evidence-Based Approaches for Pharmacists, Anesthesiologists, and Nursing Professionals in the Management of Patients with Diabetes

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus has intensified the need for effective perioperative glycemic control to reduce surgical complications. Hyperglycemia during surgery is linked to poor outcomes, including infections, delayed healing, and increased mortality. Aim: This article aims to present evidence-based, interprofessional strategies for managing perioperative glycemic control in diabetic patients, emphasizing the roles of pharmacists, anesthesiologists, and nurses. Methods: A comprehensive review of current guidelines and clinical trials was conducted, focusing on perioperative glucose targets, insulin regimens, and medication adjustments. The article synthesizes recommendations from major professional societies and integrates findings from randomized controlled trials such as NICE-SUGAR and SITA-HOSPITAL. Results: Optimal glycemic control (140–180 mg/dL) across perioperative phases significantly improves outcomes. Preoperative planning includes medication adjustments and HbA1c assessment. Intraoperative management favors intravenous insulin for complex surgeries, while postoperative care requires individualized insulin regimens based on nutritional intake and clinical status. Pharmacists ensure safe medication transitions, nurses provide continuous monitoring and education, and anesthesiologists manage intraoperative glucose fluctuations. Conclusion: Effective perioperative diabetes management demands coordinated, multidisciplinary care. Structured protocols, individualized insulin therapy, and continuous glucose monitoring are essential to minimize complications and enhance recovery. Interprofessional collaboration is critical for safe transitions across surgical phases and discharge planning.