Gut microbiota-mediated regulation of skeletal development: A review of mechanistic analysis and interventional strategies

Our review revealed that the "gut-bone axis" plays a crucial role in the process of skeletal development. Certain bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) can serve as probiotics to promote skeletal development, which expanding novel application scenarios for probiotics. Mechanically, gut microbiota-derived metabolites-particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-improving skeletal development through multiple pathways, including enhancing nutrient absorption, regulating the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway, modulating immune function and inhibiting inflammatory responses, as well as directly modulating the expression of bone-related factors. Altogether, the potential of gut microbiota in skeletal development merits attention, yet its efficacy validation and mechanistic exploration require further research support. Future investigations in this field are poised to provide innovative solutions for pediatric growth and development issues, facilitating breakthroughs in clinical challenges.