Osseodensification Drilling Optimization In Low-Density Bone: An Invitro Study

Aim or purpose: This study systematically evaluated osseodensification (OD) drilling parameters (spindle speed, feed rate, irrigation) to enhance primary implant stability in simulated type IV bone. Materials and methods: Osteotomies were performed on ASTM F1839-compliant polyurethane foam blocks (0.160 g/cm³) using two protocols: bone-level tapered drills (conventional drilling/CD) and Densah burs (OD). Parameters included spindle speeds (300-1500 rpm), feed per tooth (0.04-0.06 mm/z), and external irrigation. Outcome measures comprised thrust forces, thermal changes, osteotomy entrance morphology, and stability metrics (insertion torque/IT, removal torque/RT, ISQ). Results: OD protocols generated higher thrust forces than CD across tested parameters. Increased feed rates elevated drilling temperatures, though irrigation demonstrated cooling efficacy. While ISQ values showed comparable results between groups, OD achieved significantly greater IT and RT values. Morphological analysis revealed burrs in both techniques, with tears and potholes exclusively observed in CD sites. Conclusions: The parameter combination of 1500 rpm spindle speed, 0.04 mm/z feed rate, and irrigation optimizes OD efficacy in low-density bone, minimizing osteotomy defects while improving mechanical engagement. This evidence-based protocol addresses critical challenges in type IV bone rehabilitation