High-intensity transcranial alternating current stimulation improves general and cue-related inhibitory control in heroin use disorder: A randomized sham-controlled pilot trial

Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking, persistent relapse vulnerability, and continued use despite adverse consequences [1]. Impulsivity and impaired behavioral inhibition are involved across the addiction trajectory, from drug initiation to the maintenance of substance use disorders [2]. Abstinent individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD) often exhibit impaired inhibitory control, and heroin-related cues can elicit craving that further compromises response inhibition, making HUD a clinically relevant population for investigating the interaction between inhibitory control and craving [3].