Global Trends and Knowledge Structure in HIV Stem Cell Research: A CiteSpace Analysis of Two Decades of Scientific Literature

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies on HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in stem cells have been published over the last two decades. However, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis or visualization of this field currently exists. This study aims to provide a detailed and unbiased review of the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and emerging trends in stem cell therapy-related research for HIV. By mapping publication trends, collaboration networks, and topical evolution, this work fills a critical gap and offers guidance for future functional cure strategies. METHODS: Bibliometric data from 2004 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace was used to analyze annual scientific output, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. RESULTS: A total of 2,868 publications were included, showing a general trend of increasing yet fluctuating annual output. The United States led in both publications and influence, while author collaboration remained relatively limited. Key research topics included acquired immune deficiency syndrome cure, lentivirus, HIV carcinogenicity, CCR5, and CXCR4. More recently, major active areas of investigation have focused on "extracellular vesicles," "nucleases," "viral libraries," and "microglia." DISCUSSION: HIV stem cell research has progressed from descriptive studies to mechanism-driven approaches, emphasizing gene editing and immune modulation. Integrating stem cell transplantation with technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 presents a promising strategy to eliminate viral reservoirs and sustain remission. Nevertheless, stronger international collaboration and translational research are essential to advance clinical applications. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive bibliometric overview provides clear insights into the development, research hotspots, and trends in HIV stem cell therapy. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of infection and strategies for functional cure may accelerate the development of effective stem cell-based gene therapies for HIV.