Mn 3 O 4 /biochar catalyst for enhanced PMS activation and antibiotic degradation via radical and non-radical pathways

. Additionally, possible MNZ degradation pathways were identified through UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis. Consequently, this study accomplished the development of highly stable, environmentally friendly, and efficient catalysts for PMS activation with lower metal leaching, thereby offering a promising method for effectively removing persistent organic pollutants from real-world water sources.