Single-cell atlas of hepatic cellular plasticity and immune niche reprogramming in liver cirrhosis

The analysis revealed three key axes influencing disease-related immune regulation: TNF-α/ETS2-driven polarization of macrophages toward a Mac-d phenotype, IL-1α/β/THRA-associated polarization of CD4⁺ T cells toward a T4-c phenotype, and enhancement of the fibroblast-to-B-cell MIF signaling axis. This network offers valuable insights and potential therapeutic targets for advancing cirrhosis research and clinical treatment.