Understanding Degradation Mechanisms in Single Crystal NMC Cathodes for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Battery Performance - a Review

Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized portable electronics and electric transportation, but their longevity and performance continue to be the focus of research. Single crystal nickel manganese cobalt (SC-NMC) cathodes are emerging materials for advancing lithium-ion battery technology. However, harnessing their potential requires comprehending the degradation mechanisms which occur during cycling. This review presents an extensive analysis of the intricate degradation processes affecting them. We explore the structural transformations, surface layer formation, and lithium loss mechanisms that govern the capacity fade and voltage decay observed in these cathode materials. By examining the latest developments in diagnostic techniques and characterization methods, we examine the tools available for studying degradation phenomena. Furthermore, mitigation strategies to enhance the resilience of NMC cathodes are explored, elucidating material modifications and protective coatings. Understanding this is pivotal for designing more robust lithium-ion batteries. This review identifies critical research gaps, offering a roadmap for advancements in energy storage.