Photosynthetic System Based on a Polyoxometalate-Based Dehydrated Metal–Organic Framework for Nitrogen Fixation

In nature, biological nitrogen fixation is accomplished through the π-back-bonding mechanism of nitrogenase, which poses significant challenges for mimic artificial systems, thanks to the activation barrier associated with the N≡N bond. Consequently, this motivates us to develop efficient and reusable photocatalysts for artificial nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. We employ a charge-assisted self-assembly process toward encapsulating one polyoxometalate (POM) within a dehydrated Zr-based metal-organic framework (d-UiO-66) exhibiting nitrogen photofixation activities, thereby constructing an enzyme-mimicking photocatalyst. The dehydration of d-UiO-66 is favorable for facilitating nitrogen chemisorption and activation via the unpaired d-orbital electron at the [Zr₆O₆] cluster. The incorporation of POM guests enhanced the charge separation in the composites, thereby facilitating the transfer of photoexcited electrons into the π* antibonding orbital of chemisorbed N₂ for efficient nitrogen fixation. Simultaneously, the catalytic efficiency of SiW₉Fe₃@d-UiO-66 is enhanced by 9.0 times compared to that of d-UiO-66. Moreover, SiW₉Fe₃@d-UiO-66 exhibits an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 0.254% at 550 nm. The tactics of "working-in-tandem" achieved by POMs and d-UiO-66 are extremely vital for enhancing artificial ammonia synthesis. This study presents a paradigm for the development of an efficient artificial catalyst for nitrogen photofixation, aiming to mimic the process of biological nitrogen fixation.