Exploring the synergistic potential of prosopis juliflora and waste plastic oil biodiesel through investigation of performance, combustion, and emission in a CRDI engine: A shift towards sustainable fuel

This study aimed to explore the potential of using Prosopis Juliflora (PJ) and Waste Plastic Oil (WPO) as hybrid biodiesel in a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine to mitigate environmental effects. The performance, combustion, and emissions of biodiesel-diesel blends (B10, B15, B20, and B25) were analyzed at engine loads (20–100%) with EGR levels (10 and 20%) and the results were compared with diesel fuel and 0% EGR. The results showed enhanced brake thermal efficiency for B10 blend at 20% load and B15 blend at 60% and 100% load by 9.68%, 4.89%, and 6.23% compared to diesel fuel with 10% EGR. Biodiesel blends with higher EGR rates had lower peak cylinder pressure and heat release than diesel. B10 blend with 20% EGR had the highest NOx reduction (21.85 and 43.07%) at 20 and 100% load, while all biodiesel blends had higher smoke emissions than diesel. However, among the blends, B20 blend with 10% EGR reduced smoke by 19.79 and 12.63% at 20 and 100% load. Across all EGR levels, B20 blends exhibited lower HC emissions than diesel. Overall, this study showed that PJ and WPO biodiesel with 10% EGR outperformed baseline diesel fuel in performance and emissions.