Direct laser writing on halide perovskites: from mechanisms to applications

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as game-changing semiconductor materials in optoelectronics. As an efficient micro-/nano-manufacturing technology, direct laser writing (DLW) has been extensively used to fabricate patterns, micro/nanostructures, and pixel arrays on perovskites to promote their optoelectronic applications. Owing to the unique ionic properties and soft lattices of perovskites, DLW can introduce rich light–matter interactions, including laser ablation, crystallisation, ion migration, phase segregation, photoreaction, and other transitions, which enable diverse functionalities in addition to the intrinsic properties of perovskites. Based on their patterned structures, perovskites have numerous applications in displays, optical information encryption, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and planar lenses, which are comprehensively discussed in this review. Finally, we discuss the challenges that must be addressed for the future development of this fascinating field.