Microstructure and Texture of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Additive Parts Fabricated by the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Additive parts made of 2205 duplex stainless steel were fabricated by cold metal transfer (CMT) wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), and their microstructure and properties were systematically studied. The X-ray diffraction results show that austenite phase and ferrite phase were formed in the additive parts. Due to the low heat input characteristics of CMT-WAAM, no σ phase was observed. The microstructure in the additive parts was different from the bottom to the top, with the content of austenite phase gradually increasing and that of ferrite gradually decreasing. The EBSD results indicate that the ferrite phase in the bottom part grew parallel to the normal direction of {100}. However, the ferrite phase in the middle part grew parallel to the plane composed of the build direction and normal direction, and along {100} and {111}. The effect of the ferrite and austenite contents on the mechanical performance of the additive parts was simulated using the LAMMPS software. The simulation results exhibit a common characteristic in that the dislocations move mainly along the 1/6<112> crystallographic direction families. The simulated maximum tensile stress values of the bottom, middle, and top parts were 23.3 GPa, 22.3 Gpa, and 22.5 Gpa, respectively. The data from the bottom tensile strength simulation were consistent with the actual data, and the bottom tensile strength was the largest in the actual tensile process.