Small Black Phosphorus Disrupts Vascular Development and Hematopoiesis in Zebrafish Larvae

, were significantly downregulated following S-BP exposure. Our findings revealed that low concentrations of S-BP exposure caused vascular and hematologic toxicity and identified CCV and RBCs as sensitive targets. This work expands our understanding of the toxicity of 2D nanomaterials and provides critical data for environmental risk assessment.