Dynamic Trade-Off of Electronic Structure to Activate and Stabilize Lattice Oxygen via Ceδ+-O/Co-Fe Hydroxide Interface for Industrial level Water Oxidation

A CeO 2 /Fe–Co(OH) 2 heterostructure catalyst featuring flexible redox states of Ce δ + as an electronic buffer, enabling dynamic regulation of Co( ii / iii / iv ) and enhancing both activity and stability.