Nanomaterial-Assisted Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Melatonin and Serotonin: A Minireview

Biosensors have become increasingly popular for the detection of hormones and neurotransmitters due to their affordability, ease of use, high sensitivity, and miniaturization potential. Modifications of biosensors, particularly with nanoparticles (NPs), enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and response time by providing a bridge between the bioreceptor and transducer. Melatonin (MT) and serotonin (5-HT), key neurotransmitters in various biological processes, are associated with major depressive disorder and share metabolic pathways. Their coexistence and interrelated roles necessitate rapid and accurate methods for the simultaneous detection of MT and 5-HT in complex fluids. This review focuses on studies that have employed electrochemical methods for the simultaneous determination of MT and 5-HT, with an emphasis on the advantages of using metal oxide NPs, noble metal NPs, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for electrode modifications.