2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones’ Synthesis: State‐of‐the‐Art Methods and Applications

Abstract 2 H ‐Pyran‐2‐ones, also known as 2‐pyranones or 2‐pyrones (α‐pyrones), are compounds of significant biological importance due to their wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐microbial, and anti‐coagulant effects. Their diverse bioactivity has sparked increased interest in their synthesis and applications. Numerous synthetic methods for accomplishing 2 H ‐pyranones have been developed, from classical approaches like Knoevenagel condensations to modern synthetic techniques such as microwave‐assisted synthesis and various catalytic methods. In this line, previous reviews have thoroughly documented the advancements in the synthesis of 2‐pyrone frameworks up to 2020. Specifically, this review highlights the latest advancements in synthesizing 2‐pyrone frameworks and their pivotal role in the construction of diverse heterocycles, focusing on developments between 2021 and 2025.