Design of Oxides/Hydroxides‐Based Seawater Oxidation Electrocatalysts: From Mechanism Understanding, Selectivity to Activity

Abstract Against the backdrop of carbon neutrality and the rapidly developing hydrogen economy, seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has attracted significant attention due to its abundant resources and environmental friendliness. However, the complex composition of seawater, particularly the high concentration of chloride ions (Cl − ), poses severe challenges for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), including poor catalytic selectivity, electrode corrosion, and limited stability. Non‐precious metal oxides and hydroxides have emerged as promising OER catalysts in seawater electrolysis owing to their excellent electrical conductivity, structural stability, and inherent resistance to Cl − . This review systematically summarizes recent advances in oxide/hydroxide catalysts for seawater OER, with a particular focus on elucidating the OER reaction mechanism, performance evaluation metrics, and key influencing factors. It further highlights mainstream anti‐chlorine design strategies, including selective catalyst construction, surface defect engineering, phase modulation, heterostructure design, and electrolyte environment optimization. In addition, the review explores critical approaches to enhancing catalytic performance. Finally, the challenges and future directions of oxide/hydroxide catalysts for achieving efficient and durable OER in complex electrolytic environments are discussed, providing theoretical guidance and engineering insights for seawater electrolysis‐driven hydrogen production.