Oral Tranexamic Acid for Prevention and Treatment of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation

BACKGROUND: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin disorder characterized by hyperpigmentation resulting from heightened inflammation and/or damage to the basement membrane, melanocytes, and keratinocytes, leading to abnormal and excessive pigment deposition. Oral tranexamic acid (TXA), originally used as an antifibrinolytic for managing excessive bleeding, has garnered attention for its demonstrated safety and efficacy in treating melasma. There is a growing body of evidence regarding the use of TXA in the treatment of PIH. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of action of oral TXA in treating PIH and examine the use of oral TXA in preventing and/or treating PIH associated with laser-based and light-based treatments in individuals with skin color. METHODS: Review of relevant articles from 2000 to present found in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, regarding the use of oral TXA in the treatment of PIH. RESULTS: Studies reviewed investigated the efficacy of oral tranexamic acid (TXA) in treating postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and use in preventing PIH when used in conjunction with other treatments. All studies demonstrated significant improvement in PIH without significant adverse effects and side effects. CONCLUSION: Oral tranexamic acid is emerging as a safe and effective treatment in the prevention and treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.