Summary The effect of microbiological inocula containing Ef fective Microorganisms (EM) on the microbiological properties and enzymatic activity of soil was determined. A laborato ry experiment was carried out on mineral soil with the texture of sandy loam. The results obtained indicated differentiated effects of the EM inocula on tested soil microorga nisms. The EM had a beneficial effect on the total bacteria number, act inomyces, fungi and copotrophic microorganisms and it inhibited multiplication of oligotrophic microorganisms. Moreover, i noculum positively affected on soil dehydrogenases activity.