The dose effect of opiod and interact with other anesthesia drugs

Several studies have demonstrated that increases in opioid dose result in a marked alleviation in pain. Further increases in opioid dose provide only a further small alleviation in pain. Thus, a ceiling effect of the opioid is observed. When opoids exhibited a ceiling effect, further increases in opioid dose may result in an increasing side - effect, such as respiratory depression, muscle tetanic, hypotention, tachyeardia. A review of the dose - effect and ceiling effect of opoids help clinicians provide a more optimal anesthetic. Key words: opoid; dose effect; ceiling effect