The intrauterine perfusion of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) before frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with two or more implantation failures

< 0.05). The intrauterine infusion of G-CSF before frozen-thawed embryo transfer significantly reduced miscarriage rates and improve the live birth rates. While intrauterine perfusion with physiological saline did not reduce miscarriage rates.