Spin Polarization Enhanced Ethanol Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction on the Paramagnetic CuO Surface

intermediates on CuO/Cu, providing direct spectroscopic evidence of spin-modulated pathway selection. Computational study suggests that the enhancement of ethanol selectivity is due to the reduced reaction kinetic barrier under MF, while the ethylene selectivity is less affected, mainly due to the insensitivity of the kinetic barriers under MF.