Advances in Cell Therapy for Neural Repair

Neural repair remains one of the foremost challenges in modern neuroscience, as damage to the central nervous system caused by injury or neurodegenerative disease often leads to irreversible loss of function. The advent and rapid evolution of utilizing stem cell biology have provided unprecedented opportunities to advance regenerative strategies aimed at restoring brain and spinal cord integrity, with the goal of regaining lost functions and improving outcomes for individuals living with injury and disease. Among these, cell therapies using derivatives of pluripotent stem cells have emerged as promising approaches, driving innovation from primary tissue transplants to the engineering of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal and glial progenitors and now to complex multicellular brain and spinal cord organoids. Complementing these biological innovations, artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming regenerative neuroscience by enabling large-scale data analysis and predictive modeling. This review synthesizes recent progress across these areas, highlighting emerging technologies and therapeutic adjuncts that enhance the applicability and efficacy of neural repair paradigms.