A review of multifunctional polymer-matrix structural composites

Abstract This paper reviews multifunctional structural materials, particularly continuous fiber polymer-matrix composites. The non-structural functions include sensing, EMI shielding, heating, energy generation, energy storage, actuation and self-healing. For each function, the materials, composite design, functional performance and relevant technological needs are covered. Both unmodified and modified forms of the composite are addressed. Sensing, EMI shielding, heating and actuation are functions that do not require modification, though modifications can be performed. In contrast, energy generation, energy storage and self-healing require modification. For a continuous fiber polymer-matrix composite, the modification commonly involves the incorporation of constituents at the interlaminar interface.