Abstract Summary: Cylindrical brushes with poly(L‐lysine) and poly(L‐glutamate) side chains were prepared by “grafting through” and “grafting from” techniques. Grafting from is shown to be more successful for the synthesis of cylindrical brushes with high molar mass main and side chains. AFM height image of polypeptide brushes with protected polylysine side chains spin‐cast from HFIP solution. magnified image AFM height image of polypeptide brushes with protected polylysine side chains spin‐cast from HFIP solution.