The brain and its activity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1 list and describe basic neuroanatomy and physiology terms 2 list and describe EEG characteristics (four waves) 3 describe depth of anesthesia monitoring 4 describe ICP monitoring 5 describe a CSF shunt and identify its functions Introduction Measuring the activity and function of the brain is more complex than measuring the electrical activity of the heart. Signals from the brain are more random and have only recently been translated into specific applications. Even though brain signals can be extremely useful in patient assessment, in general, measuring the function of the brain is far less common than other technology-facilitated patient care tools. Review of neuroanatomy and physiology Here is a brief review of basic neuroanatomy and physiology terminology. • Neuron – This is the most basic cell associated with the brain. • Brainstem – This portion of the brain controls life-sustaining functions. • Cerebellum and cerebrum – These major parts of the brain control various body functions and memory. • Ventricles of the brain – These spaces within the brain are important because implants and monitors often involve these areas. • Spinal cord sections – The spinal cord includes the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. • Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) – This fluid is very important because it cushions the brain and can be monitored to assess brain health.