Dietary strategies to promote the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila, a focus on the effect of plant extracts

As the next generation of probiotics, Akkermansia muciniphila has attracted a lot of attention and research because of its probiotic properties. However, it is not on the list of strains that can be added to food in any country, and its sensitivity to oxygen and the availability of animal-derived media limit its industrial production. Alternative dietary intervention strategies have broad application prospects. This review uses plant extracts as the main framework to summarize studies on increasing the abundance of A. muciniphila in recent years. Polyphenols, alkaloids, capsaicin, plant-derived carbohydrates, and some Chinese medicines can significantly increase the abundance of A. muciniphila in the gut. Promoting the abundance of A. muciniphila's mechanisms focused on promoting the secretion of mucins and their antibacterial ability. This paper provides a lot of theoretical basics for the development of dietary strategies that can improve intestinal A. muciniphila abundance in the future.