A review on comprehensive recycling of spent power lithium-ion battery in China

In China, the high demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has led to a rapid increase in power lithium-ion battery (LIB) production, which has subsequently given rise to an explosive increase in the number of spent power LIBs. Comprehensive recycling, including recovery and reuse, is a promising development direction to obtain the maximum utilization of spent power LIBs. This article aims to review the current situation of the comprehensive recycling of spent LIBs in China. First, the valuable components of LIBs and issues involved in spent power LIBs are summarized to clarify the necessity for spent power LIB recycling. After that, the recycling process of spent power LIBs is discussed in three parts: pretreatment of spent power LIBs, recovery of separated materials, and reuse of spent power LIBs. The recovery of cathode material is fully discussed due to its higher recovery value compared to other components. Several technologies are examined in every step to explore the promising route in terms of environmental protection, technological innovation, and economic feasibility. Finally, an alternative recycling mode is proposed based on the comprehensive analysis of the challenges facing battery recycling.