Yiqi Jiedu herbal decoction attenuates the 2 Gy 60Co γ ray induced spleen injury by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating the immune balance

Irradiation-induced immunosuppression often occurs during radiotherapy in patients, which would increase the risk of opportunistic infections. Many Chinese herbal prescriptions or natural extracts have recently attracted increased radiation protection and therapy attention due to their low toxicity.The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Yiqi Jiedu (YQJD) decoction on spleen injury induced by 2 Gy 60Co γ ray in mice.A total of 180 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: blank control (Ctrl), model (IR), positive drug (IRA), low-dose YQJD decoction (IRL), and high-dose YQJD decoction (IRH). After a ten-day intervention, mice were exposed to a single dose of total body irradiation (2 Gy) and sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after irradiation. The indicators include general observations and body weight, changes in peripheral hemogram, index and histopathology examination of the spleen, distribution of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine levels, and apoptosis in the spleen.In comparison to the Ctrl group, the body weight, spleen index, peripheral blood cell, and splenocyte quantities decreased significantly after exposure, accompanied by a notable increase of apoptosis in spleen cells. Moreover, ionizing radiation also broke the balance of CD4+/CD8+, Th1/Th2, and Th17/Treg, triggering immune imbalance and immunosuppression. The above injuries occurred on the 1st day after exposure, worsened on the 3rd, and were relieved on the 7th day. However, the pretreatment of YQJD decoction increased the spleen index, improved the spleen structure, and inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis after exposure. Additionally, YQJD decoction has shown its ability to promote immunological balance recovery following exposure by regulating CD4+/CD8+, Th1/Th2, and Th17/Treg ratios, which may minimize the risk of infection. In addition, the high-dose of YQJD decoction showed a better protective effect than the low-dose group.The protective effects of YQJD decoction on 2 Gy 60Coγray induced spleen injury were confirmed in this study. This mechanism may be related to inhibiting apoptosis and modulating immune balance. This exploration might provide new insights into the use of Chinese herbs on radioprotection of the immune system.