Adaptive High-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control Based on Time Delay Estimation for the Robotic Manipulators With Backlash Hysteresis

This paper presents the results for model-independent control of uncertain n -degree of freedom robotic manipulators in the presence of external disturbances and backlash hysteresis. In order to improve the response characteristics of the system and attenuate the uncertainties, the developed robust model-free controller incorporates time delay control (TDC) as well as adaptive terminal sliding mode control (ATSMC) methods. Particularly, the time delay estimation is designed to estimate the unknown dynamics of the robotic manipulators by adopting the theory of TDC. Further, the ATSMC is utilized to obtain the robustness, finite-time convergence, and an adaptive tuning is exploited to deal with bounded derivative of unknown dynamics. The overall system stability is investigated by the Lyapunov theorem application and computed the finite convergence rate thereafter. Finally, a simulation comparison with an existing adaptive fractional-order terminal sliding mode control under backlash hysteresis is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed method.