Optimized pattern synthesis of non-uniform concentric circular antenna arrays effective aperture, and beam area enhancement

Abstract One of the most popular designs for an antenna array is the non-uniform concentric circular antenna array (CCAA). This study discusses the design challenges of the CCAA with a non-uniform multi-ring structure positioned in the $x$ – $y$ plane that aims to enhance the first null beam width (FNBW) and the optimal sidelobe level (SLL). The Jaya algorithm, Novel Particle Swarm Optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been used to address those challenges. In this work, non-uniform ring radii and element positions are considered. Adjusting inter-element spacing and feeding current yields an array layout with the best SLL. This work enhances FNBW and superior SLL reduction. Using these methods, it computes additional antenna array parameters such as maximum beam, total effective aperture, maximum directivity, maximum effective aperture area, total beam area, radius, and circumference of the CCAAs. The proposed algorithm, Craziness Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO), has attained superior SLL reduction compared to other optimization algorithms and also compared with other existing works.