The latest investigational drugs for patients with allergic rhinitis

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent IgE-mediated inflammatory disease with significant global health and economic burdens. Common treatments include pharmacotherapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), but challenges remain in managing some of the moderate-to-severe patients, driving development on targeted biologics. AREAS COVERED: This review covers recent advances in AR management, including optimized pharmacotherapy, biologics targeting type 2 inflammation and innovations in AIT. EXPERT OPINION: The management toward AR should fully consider the phenotypic and endotypic characteristics of the patients and develop stepwise, comprehensive, and personalized care pathways that combine pharmacotherapy, AIT, and biologics. Further studies are needed to validate long-term efficacy and safety and optimize precision medicine approaches.